Passage 41

Robotics is revolutionizing surgical procedures, enabling more precision, flexibility, and control than traditional techniques. Robotic systems, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, allow surgeons to perform minimally invasive surgeries with enhanced visualization and dexterity. These systems use robotic arms equipped with cameras and surgical instruments, which are controlled by the surgeon through a console.
One major advantage of robotic surgery is the reduced risk of complications, such as infections and blood loss, which leads to shorter hospital stays and faster recovery times for patients. Robotic systems are particularly beneficial in complex procedures, including cardiac, neurological, and oncological surgeries, where precision is critical.
However, the high cost of robotic systems and the need for specialized training pose challenges to their widespread adoption. Despite these barriers, the demand for robotic-assisted surgeries is growing due to the promise of better patient outcomes and continued technological advancements.

1. The text tends to ………….. the potential of robotic systems in surgery.

2. The text implies that robotic surgery ………….. .

3. The adoption of robotic systems in surgery ………….. .

4. The reduced risk of complications with robotic surgery ………….. .

5. The text implies that robotic-assisted surgeries ………….. .

6. The text implies that the da Vinci Surgical System ………….. .

Passage 42

Telemedicine has emerged as a transformative approach to delivering healthcare services by using digital communication technologies. This method enables remote consultations, diagnosis, and treatment through video conferencing, mobile apps, and other platforms. Telemedicine is particularly beneficial in rural or underserved areas where access to healthcare facilities is limited.
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, making it a mainstream component of healthcare systems. Patients can now consult specialists without the need for travel, reducing time and costs while improving access to care. Additionally, telemedicine supports chronic disease management through remote monitoring and regular check-ins.
Despite its advantages, telemedicine faces challenges, including issues related to internet connectivity, data privacy, and ensuring the quality of care. Addressing these concerns will be essential for sustaining the growth of telemedicine and integrating it further into healthcare systems.

1. The text tends to ………….. the significance of telemedicine in modern healthcare.

2. The text implies that telemedicine adoption ………….. .

3. Telemedicine’s role in chronic disease management ………….. .

4. The challenges faced by telemedicine ………….. .

5. The text implies that telemedicine ………….. .

6. The text implies that the growth of telemedicine ………….. .

Passage 43

Vaccines are one of the most important tools in modern medicine, saving millions of lives each year. They work by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, preventing individuals from contracting dangerous diseases. The success of vaccines in reducing the spread of infectious diseases such as polio, measles, and influenza is undeniable. However, despite their success, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to achieving widespread immunity. This reluctance, often fueled by misinformation and misconceptions, has led to outbreaks of diseases that were previously under control.
In response to these concerns, health experts have worked to provide clearer information about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Public health campaigns aim to educate communities on the importance of vaccination not only for individual protection but also for the greater good of society. Herd immunity, a concept in which a large portion of the population is immune to a disease, helps protect those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons. The challenge, however, lies in convincing the vaccine-hesitant population of the importance of vaccination.

1. As to the importance of vaccines, ………….. .

2. All of the following are true about vaccine hesitancy EXCEPT:

3. The underlined pronoun “this” refers to ………….. .

4. The best topic for this passage could be ………….. .

5. Health experts agree that ………….. .

6. The word “reluctance” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………….. .

7. The word “efficacy” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………….. .

Passage 44

Air pollution is a global health crisis that affects millions of people worldwide. Exposure to pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide has been linked to a variety of health problems, including respiratory diseases, heart conditions, and even premature death. Long-term exposure to air pollution is particularly harmful to vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions.
Efforts to reduce air pollution through stricter regulations and cleaner energy sources have made some progress, but many areas still experience high levels of pollution. Urban areas, in particular, face significant challenges due to traffic emissions and industrial activity. While individuals can take steps to protect themselves, such as staying indoors during high pollution days, large-scale solutions are necessary to improve air quality on a global level.

1. As to the effect of air pollution on health, ………….. .

2. All of the following are true about air pollution EXCEPT:

3. The underlined pronoun “this” refers to ………….. .

4. The best topic for this passage could be ………….. .

5. According to the text, large-scale solutions to air pollution ………….. .

6. The word “disproportionately” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………….. .

7. The word “efforts” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………….. .

Passage 45

Mental health in schools is an area of increasing focus, as mental health issues among students have risen in recent years. Anxiety, depression, and stress are common challenges that affect students’ academic performance and overall well-being. In response to this, many schools have started implementing programs that promote mental health awareness and provide students with the support they need.
These programs may include access to counselors, mental health education, and workshops that teach students coping strategies. Early intervention is key to addressing mental health issues before they escalate. Moreover, by creating a supportive and open environment, schools can reduce the stigma surrounding mental health and encourage students to seek help when needed.
The ultimate goal is to help students not only manage their mental health but also thrive academically and socially. By prioritizing mental health, schools can foster a better learning environment for all students.

1. As to the role of mental health in schools, ………….. .

2. All of the following are true about school programs addressing mental health EXCEPT:

3. The underlined pronoun “this” refers to ………….. .

4. The best topic for this passage could be ………….. .

5. According to the passage, the ultimate goal of mental health programs in schools is ………….. .

6. The word “escalate” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………….. .

7. The word “promote” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………….. .