Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Sand is formed by the weathering and decomposition of all types of rock, _________ most abundant mineral constituent being quartz.

2. _________ in the daytime for most of the year, the groundhog hibernates in a burrow during winter.

3. The wood of elm trees is used in shipbuilding and in _________ barrels, furniture, flooring, and sporting goods.

4. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States, and in 1958 _________ the forty-ninth state.

5. Almost _________ countries use the decimal system.

6. ………………….allows the skin and thus the body to be cooled.

7. Activities such as writing down notes will generally lead to faster learning ……………..just listening to or reading facts.

8. The Dallas Civic Opera has earned ……………..since its initial production debuted in 1957.

9. Born in Akron, Ohio, in 1846, Henry Eugene Abbey became the ……………….of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City in 1883.

10. A covered bridge is built of wooden timbers _________ supporting trusses and a floor and are protected from weather by a roof.

11. Although …………………with herons or storks, cranes are distinguished from these birds by bare red areas or ornamental plumes on their heads.

12. More battles were fought in South Carolina ………………in any other state during the American Revolution.

13. Cotton is grown throughout the world, and ………………year about 50 million bales, weighing nearly 500 pounds apiece, are produced.

14. Based on a device used in naval vessels, the automatic pilot contains gyroscopes …………………references for an airplane’s course.

15. American Sign Language contains over 4,000 signs _________ is used by over half a million people.

16. _________ founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its president until 1904.

17. _________ two air masses with different characteristics meet, an area called a “front” develops.

18. Today’s farmers use irrigation, fertilizers, large machines, and other technology _________ high crop yields.

19. ________ served as secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation and also, in George Washington’s administration, under the United States Constitution.

20. The course of the Missouri River marks the ________ of continental glaciation.

21. About three-quarters of the state of Indiana is covered by _________.

22. Also called the painted cup, the Indian paintbrush gives forth tiny flowers that are mostly green, while ________ brightly colored.

23. _________ 70 species of cockroaches in the United States.

24. ______ difficult to achieve centrifugal forces thousands of times as great as the force of gravity.

25. In the early nineteenth century a Conestoga wagon on a poor road could economically _________ light, fairly high-value goods over short distances.

26. The solid-bodied electric guitar mixes and amplifies vibrations from microphone contacts at different points _________ a range of tone qualities.

27. While the term “harmony” suggests a pleasant or agreeable sound, it is applied to any combination of notes, _________ consonant or dissonant.

28. Most meteorites are thought to be fragments from asteroids, _________ some may be pieces from the heads of comets.

29. Penicillin, ________, kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, many of which cause disease in humans.

30. Action painting emphasizes the physical act of applying paint to canvas, rather _________ picture as a finished work of art.

31. Contrary to popular belief, the basic instruments of the old jazz bands were not saxophones, _________ cornets and trumpets.

32. _____ vary greatly in shape and form, depending upon both the growth pattern and the arrangement of polyps within the colony.

33. The transition element cadmium is placed below zinc and above mercury in the periodic table, _______ many properties in common with these elements.

34. The covered wagons known as Conestogas were primarily used _________ of freight across the prairies of the United States.

35. The outstanding feature of copper and the other metals of Group IB in the Periodic Table is _________ chemical attack.

36. When _______ with atmospheric particles, they create many types of secondary particles, including positrons, mesons, and hyperons.

37. A common way to produce x-rays is _________ electrons into a copper target.

38. _________ in 1800, Middlebury College is the oldest college in Vermont.

39. Lizette Woodworth Reese’s best-known poem is the sonnet “Tears,” _________ in 1899 in Scribner’s Magazine.

40. During the Revolutionary War, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the capital of the United States for one day in 1777, _________ there.

41. In a barter economy, a person having something to trade must make contact with another person ________ and has something acceptable to offer in exchange.

42. The chief justice of the United States is the country’s _________ and is appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate.

43. Including land and water, the state of Alaska ________ an area of 1,530,700 square kilometers, equal to about one-sixth of the size of the United States.

44. _________ until the twelfth century that the magnetic compass was used for navigation.

45. Although she wrote only two short novels and 19 stories during her brief career, Flannery O’Connor made _________ to United States fiction.